Most people underestimate just how deep the ocean really is. Beyond the surface, there are layers of darkness that humans have barely explored. As you go deeper, the pressure increases and the ...

In some parts of the deep ocean, it can look like it's snowing. This "marine snow" is the dust and detritus that organisms slough off as they die and decompose. Marine snow can fall several kilometers ...

Deep-sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed in the deep ocean. Most of the interest is in what are known as polymetallic nodules, which are potato-sized mineral deposits that have ...

Far south, beneath ice and darkness, scientists have been tracking signals that rarely reach the surface. The setting feels remote, yet the questions tie directly to how the planet behaves under ...

Mesopelagic fish, long overlooked in ocean chemistry, are now proven to excrete carbonate minerals much like their shallow-water counterparts—despite living in dark, high-pressure depths. Using the ...

You may be hearing a lot lately about critical minerals and rare earth elements. These natural materials are essential to ...