In 1967 the Russian physicist Victor Veselago predicted the existence of a material with a negative index of refraction, which he termed “left-handed.” He concluded that in the presence of such a ...

Soft X‐ray diffraction gratings coupled with advanced multilayer coatings represent a pivotal innovation in the development of high‐resolution spectroscopic instruments. These devices utilise periodic ...

In addition to our other problems, we must also contend with transmission (with attenuation), reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. In addition to our other problems, we ...

Most people know that light travels in a straight line unless something acts upon it to change its direction. The three most common methods of changing the direction of light are refraction, ...